制备工艺对重晶石-硼硅酸盐玻璃陶瓷结构及性能的影响

采用熔融法制备重晶石-硼硅酸盐玻璃陶瓷,研究工艺差异对玻璃陶瓷物相组成、显微结构、硫含量以及抗浸出性能的影响.结果 表明,将基础玻璃原料与BaSO4直接混合熔制(工艺A)和将基础玻璃原料煅烧后再与BaSO4混合熔制(工艺B),对玻璃陶瓷结构和性能无显著影响,工艺A和工艺B制得的玻璃陶瓷包容硫含量分别为2.04wt％和2.19wt％(以SO3计).而先制得玻璃再与BaSO4混合熔制(工艺C),获得的玻璃陶瓷中BaSO4含量较高,包容的硫含量达4.45wt％.产品一致性试验(PCT)研究表明,工艺C制得的玻璃陶瓷初始浸出率较高,28 dNa、B、Si元素归一化浸出率较低(～10-2 g·m-2·d-1).     

含新型有机硅缓蚀剂的制备及性能研究

为了研究缓蚀剂组分及添加条件对发射药性的影响,设计并制备了一种含新型有机硅的缓蚀剂材料;采用烧蚀管法,对比石蜡+TiO2型缓蚀剂,研究了新型有机硅缓蚀剂的静态降烧蚀效果;采用密闭爆发器研究了不同缓蚀剂添加条件对高能硝胺发射药点火和燃烧性能的影响;采用14.5mm弹道枪和壁温测试装置,研究不同缓蚀剂添加条件对膛壁温度、内弹道性能和枪口烟雾的影响。结果表明,采用含新型有机硅的缓蚀剂,降烧蚀效果更为显著;随着缓蚀剂添加量的增加,压力峰值、弹丸初速也会产生小幅下降,但总体影响幅度较小;添加缓蚀剂后,射击过程膛壁峰值温度显著下降,下降幅度随着缓蚀剂添加量的增加而增加,在缓蚀剂质量分数为3%时,对身管壁温降低幅度可达17.1%,且产生的枪口烟雾量较少;在缓蚀剂质量分数为5%时,缓蚀剂添加过量,枪口产生较大烟雾。该缓蚀剂及添加条件有望应用于低烧蚀发射药配方中。     

磷渣-水泥复合及碱磷渣胶凝材料力学性能实验研究

采用磷渣以20％、40％和60％的比例取代水泥制备磷渣-水泥复合胶凝体系(PSC-X)以及用浓度分别为6 mol/L、8 mol/L、10 mol/L和12 mol/L的NaOH溶液制备碱激发磷渣胶凝体系(PSA-X).测试了两种体系的标准稠度用水(NaOH溶液)量、凝结时间、胶砂抗折强度和抗压强度,并结合XRD、TG-DSC和SEM-EDS等技术手段对其进行了物相组成及微观形貌的分析观测.研究结果发现:磷渣的掺入使PSC-X体系的标准稠度用水量降低了13.6％左右.而凝结时间却明显延长.增加NaOH溶液的浓度,PSA-X体系的标准稠度用液量也随之增加,且均高于PSC-X体系.凝结时间则较PSC-X体系明显缩短.适量掺入磷渣,能明显提高水泥胶砂试件的抗压强度;PSA-X体系的抗压强度发展良好,其强度值随激发剂浓度提高而呈下降趋势.PSC-X体系主要有Ca(OH)2、C-S-H凝胶、AFt和C4AHx等水化产物,而PSA-X体系则是Ⅰ型C-S-H凝胶,还有一定量的方沸石存在.     

高熵氧化物的制备及应用研究进展

高熵氧化物作为近几年发展起来的新型氧化物体系，打破了传统掺杂氧化物的设计理念，由五种及以上氧化物以等摩尔或近等摩尔构成，因其具有简单的结构和优异的性能等受到国内外研究人员的广泛关注。高熵氧化物由于多主元且主元之间混乱排列，易形成岩盐型、氟化钙型、尖晶石型或钙钛矿等固溶体结构，从而表现出优异的性能，尤其在能源存储材料和磁性材料方面有十分广阔的应用前景，但目前对高熵氧化物应用研究较少。本工作介绍了国内外高熵氧化物的制备方法，主要包括固相法、热解法、共沉淀法、水热合成法和液相燃烧合成法等，比较了各方法的优缺点和发展前景；归纳了高熵氧化物作为锂离子电极材料、巨介电材料、磁性材料和催化材料等方面的应用；指出了高熵氧化物目前研究存在的问题，讨论了解决措施，展望了高熵氧化物未来的发展趋势。     

Combined constant speed control method for a wind generator equipped with hydraulic energy storage

A wind generator equipped with hydraulic energy storage (WG‐HES) uses hydraulic transmission systems instead of gearbox transmissions, thus eliminating high‐power converters and reducing the tower‐top cabin weight. When there is no wind or the wind speed is extremely low, the pressured oil released by accumulators is used to drive a motor to operate at a constant speed, thereby generating constant‐frequency power. However, few studies have examined the constant speed control characteristics for generating electricity using only an accumulator group. In this study, a combined constant speed (CCS) proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control method based on “variable displacement and throttling” is proposed, which includes two closed loops and one regulating loop. First, a simulation model of the CCS PID control method for a variable motor was established in the Simcenter Amesim program. The influence of different PID parameters on the anti‐interference ability of the constant speed control of the motor was analyzed under a given load step. Then, we obtained the range of control parameter values and a set of optimal values. Second, the effectiveness of the CCS control method and the accuracy of the simulation results were verified on a 600‐kW WG‐HES system prototype. The results verified that the CCS control method has good anti‐interference ability and can meet the requirements of constant speed control for a variable motor under the best PID parameters. These results can provide a basis for developing control strategies for WG‐HESs when there is no wind or at low wind speeds.     

Multi-objective layout optimization for an orbital propellant depot

Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization - The overall layout optimization design of an orbital propellant depot involves the optimization of shape, size, and positions of propellant tanks in...     

Smart firefighting construction in China: Status,problems, and reflections

“Smart firefighting” construction as a part of the “smart city” has been a concern of the public security and fire agencies at all levels. In this study, the status, problems, and reflections of “smart firefighting” construction in China are discussed. A recent survey indicates that China has launched its smart firefighting construction and initially created a new perspective on its regional smart firefighting work based on three main aspects: intelligent disaster perception by Internet of Things (IoT) construction, intelligent disaster prevention by big data construction, and intelligent disaster disposal by emergency rescue platform construction. However, the current smart firefighting construction in China still has some prominent problems such as the data interconnectivity and normalized management of various platforms, the extensibility of smart firefighting platforms, and the intelligent level of smart firefighting researches, which need to be solved urgently. Therefore, we argue that smart firefighting construction in China should establish data interconnectivity, industrial normalized management, 2D/3D geographic information interaction and extension, high-integration fire protection theory, and many other aspects in the near future and truly realize firefighting visualization and efficient data applications for 4D time space. This study could provide valuable reference for smart firefighting and smart city construction.